Review of the Broadway Theatre Essays

Review of the Broadway Theatre Essays Review of the Broadway Theatre Essay Review of the Broadway Theatre Essay In this report I will be reviewing the present situation at the Broadway Theatre. The staffing structure This staffing structure shows that the Owner is in charge of the Manager even though he plays no part in the running of the business. In turn the Manager has a span of control over of his 3 assistant managers. The 3 assistant managers are each in charge of the department managers. This means that the Catering Manager is in charge of the Barperson; the Sales Manager is in charge of the Bookings Clerk and the Administrator is in charge of the Secretary. Their is a clear chain of command shown by this organisation chart, this is shown by the vertical lines of authority. Orders will passed down the chain until they are carried out. The horizontal line across the assistant managers shows they are of equal rank. Staff Responsibilities Manager The Manager is responsible for all aspects of day-to-day management; he is also responsible for his 3 assistant managers. Assistant Manager The Assistant Manager deputises for the Manager and is responsible for morning and afternoon events. Assistant Manager The Assistant Manager deputises for the Manager and is responsible for the administration, sales, and catering staff. Assistant Manager The Assistant Manager deputises for the Manager and is responsible for the matinees and evening events. Administrator Is responsible for all the administration as well as the supervision of the office staff. Sales Manager The Sales Manager is responsible for sales and marketing, promotions and advertising and the supervision of the bookings office. Catering Manager The Catering Manager is responsible for the preparation and sale of refreshments. Secretary Is responsible for general word processing and office work. Bookings Clerk Is responsible for ticket sales. Barperson Is responsible for bar sales. Business costs and revenues The costs of the business can be split into 4 sections, they are as follows: buildings, administration, publicity and performances. EXPENDITURE/COSTS à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½000s Buildings : Council rent 40 Non-domestic rates 15 Insurance 10 Water rates 2 Heating 10 Lighting ; Electricity 10 Cleaning 5 Repairs and Maintenance 5 Administration : Salaries and Wages 110 Stationary 2 Postage 2 Telephone 2 Printing (tickets ; programmes) 10 Accountancy fee 2 Publicity : Advertising 20 Printing (posters ; leaflets) 10 Performances : Consumables sets, floral displays ect 20 Hire of companies/performers 100 TOTAL EXPENDITURE/COSTS 375 Their are 3 types of costs; fixed costs, variable costs and semi variable costs. Fixed costs are costs which do not change, they are not affected my the amount of sales or production. Variable are costs which can vary, they are affected by the amount of sales or production. Semi variable costs which can be subject to variation. Sales/revenues Sources of revenue: INCOME à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½000s Grants and sponsorship 100 Advertising 10 Sales : Box office 250 Foyer events 15 Programmes 15 Catering 50 TOTAL NON-SALES 110 TOTAL SALES 330 TOTAL INCOME 440 To calculate the profit : Cash flow Cash flow refers money that is coming into the business (receipts) and money that is being paid out (payments) over a period of time. A liquidity problem relates to cash flow. A liquidity problem is when a business has a lack of cash when it is needed to pay bills, wages ect. In other words a liquidity problem is when a businesss receipts can not keep pace with its payments. This is one reason why businesss produce a cash flow forecast. A cash flow forecast is a statement that a business will produce of accurate cash receipts and payments over a period of time such as a year. This forecast will indicate how profitable a business will be over the set period of time. If the business is doing well the cash flow forecast will show that at the end of the year a substantial profit will be made and that their is a market for the sales to be maintained or increased. A bank will often require a cash flow forecast when giving a firm an overdraft facility to solve any liquidity problems. An other way of solving a liquidity problem is to approach a factor. A factor is a firm which will take over a businesss debts for a fee. This can be an effective way of solving a liquidity problem as the firm will not have to employ any debt collectors. However, the fee that the factor will charge will be an expensive one. Therefore, the firm may try to delay the payments of their bills or even ask that receipts are paid more promptly. The components of a cash flow forecast include: The cash flow forecast breaks down the receipts and payments to give the total receipts at the end of each month and the total payments. Then, by subtracting the total payments for the end of the month from the total receipts for the end of the month, the net cash flow is calculated. This net cash flow is added to the opening balance for the month to give the closing balance for the month. The closing balance for the month then becomes next months opening balance. Theatres grounds Located within the theatres grounds is a disused bandstand, a car park, and a duck pond. The rest of the area owned by the theatre is made up of open land and trees. The theatre itself is situated on a road leading to the town centre, however their is no public transport from the town after 8.00 p.m. Inside the theatre The theatre has 3 main public entrances and exits. There is one main entrance at the front leading into the foyer; another at the right-hand side of the theatre; and a ramp on the left-hand side of the theatre for wheelchair access. Performances and shows For a given week in the theatre these our the opening times: The theatre is open all day on : Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. It is closed all day Monday; in the afternoon on Tuesday; and is only open in the morning on Sunday. The theatre offers a 2 hour bingo session twice a week. Once on Tuesday morning and once on Thursday morning. The Broadway comedy Never a Dull Moment is on 5 times throughout the week; once on Thursday, twice on Friday, and twice on Saturday. As it stands the maximum number of events the theatre offers in a day is 3; a morning, afternoon and evening event. All the events have a charge ranging from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15 per seat, except for the Open Morning on Friday which is open to everyone for no charge. The rest of the events on offer including Bop till you Drop and All Work and no Play are largely aimed at the older generation. Seat prices and Audience Capacity SEAT PRICES STALLS CIRCLE à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Bingo 2 Films Matin(e 5 7 Evening 7 10 Plays Matin(e 10 7 Evening 15 10 Entrance fee for all events in Broadway Foyer à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 AUDIENCE CAPACITY TOTAL SEATS Stalls 100 Circle 100 Foyer 100 What appear to be the key problems with the Broadway Theatre The first problem that came to my attention when reviewing the theatre was the staffing structure. This appears to be a problem as their are 3 assistant managers all of equal rank, all deputising for the Manager; surely this is not necessary. To increase the businesss profit margins the business needs to make costs cuts. An example of unnecessary costs are a number of the fixed costs, such as consumables which include floral displays totalling à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000. Clearly the business can not afford to be spending such amounts when the profit retained is marginal. It appears the theatre is not taking full advantage of what it has to offer the public. Examples of this include the theatre being closed for what adds up to 2 days in total. This is clearly an area for improvement as whether or not the theatre is open or closed it will have to pay its fixed costs which total a staggering à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½361,000 per annum. Therefore it would make sense to address this problem. Also the theatre does not have all of its available seats for sale when the bingo is on. It would make good sense for theatre to use all of its resources available. The theatre puts on an event called Never a Dull Moment this event is on 5 times during the course of the week and surely the same person would not wish to watch the show 5 times. This presents a problem which needs to be addressed in order to encourage people to return to the theatre time and time again. It is not good enough to just attract a customer for a one-off occasion you should aim to gain their regular custom and build up a sound reputation. Located within the theatres grounds is a disused bandstand that presents a whole window of opportunity. The theatre would do hard to go wrong if they brought it back into use and made a feature of it primarily for the summer months. The Broadway Theatre has a lot to offer the public, however if many of the public do not have regular access to theatre after 8.00 p.m. then the theatre can not demonstrate what it has to offer to the public. It is vital that the theatre addresss this problem in order to boost ticket sales. It also appears that the theatres target audience is the elder generation. At first glance this may not appear to be a problem, however, their are as many old people as young people who all enjoy attending the theatre it would be an idea to also accomodate younger people. This concludes my findings for the key problems I have identified.

Alternative media Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Alternative media - Case Study Example It’s obvious this is a subtle dig at the propensity of tobacco to be a cancer causing agent. In other such co-optations Adbuster’s parodied Tiger Woods as a picture of the Nike logo in the background was featured and then a swoosh sign within Tiger Wood’s mouth was inserted. The implications for this are clear, as it demonstrates a political commentary on the means by which Nike has purchased Wood’s advertising power and voice. Another image has the slogan ‘Buy Nothing Day’ with a giant credit card running down the street displayed. In these regards, there are ultimately two means of constructing these forms of alternative commercialization. The first being the alteration of existing imagery in an effort to play on the power effects contained in these images. The second method is the direct construction of methods that call into question mainstream social ideals, for instance consumerism. References "Culture Jammers." Adbusters. N.p., 2011. We b. 7 Apr 2011. .

Comparative Analysis of Free Market Economy and Mixed Economy Essay

Comparative Analysis of Free Market Economy and Mixed Economy - Essay Example The essay â€Å"Comparative Analysis of Free Market Economy and Mixed Economy† highlights main advantages and limitations of the two prevailing economic systems in a modern world. An economic system comprises the configuration of institutions and organisations that specify property relations within a given society or that channel and influence the distribution of goods and services. In a traditional economic system, there is no control and everyone can produce goods for themselves. The countries which follow this economic system have low GDP and they have high government regulation of business. On the other hand, a planned economic system is the one where all economic activities are planned by the government of the day. The government has the overall say in how businesses should operate. A free market economy is defined as â€Å"a market without any regulation. In other cases it means markets in which prices are free to reflect supply and demand. Sometimes it means competitive markets free of monopoly or concentration. In a free market economy system, individuals are encouraged to produce and make gains for themselves and the economic system is driven by profit motives. It can also be seen that price mechanism determines the allocation of resources. For instance, the law of demand and supply comes into play. A free market economic system has its own limitations A mixed economy is regulated and its performance is mainly determined by the economic policies promulgated and implemented by the government. ... It can also be seen that price mechanism determines the allocation of resources. For instance, the law of demand and supply comes into play. Basically, in a free market economy, the quantity of products offered in the market is mainly determined by the amount of price the consumers are willing to pay. Kotler and Armstrong (2004) state that the price people are willing to pay for a certain commodity correlates with the quantity of goods supplied. In economics, the law of demand and supply states that the price of the product shapes the quantity of goods that can be produced at a particular period. This law goes on to state that the higher the price, the higher the goods the producers are willing to supply (Benassy, 1988). High price means high supply of products and this entails that high profits are likely to be generated. On the other hand, a mixed economy is a combination of a free market and planned economies. A mixed economy is regulated and its performance is mainly determined b y the economic policies promulgated and implemented by the government. To a certain extent, it can be seen that a free market economy is effective compared to a mixed economy. According to Pryor (2006), countries with a business-oriented or free market economic system have a significantly higher rate of economic growth. The main reason for this is that they can generate more revenue from free trade taking place. Unlike in a regulated economy, a free market economic system is liberal and the flow of money is not restricted. In a free market economy, the consumers have a variety of choice of goods offered since the manufacturers of these commodities are mainly concerned with satisfying the needs of the customers. As long as the consumers are willing to pay the price,

The Importance Of Pre-Modern Society

The Importance Of Pre-Modern Society Human history can be divided into three phases: pre-modern, modern and post modern. There is no definite beginning or end to each of these phases; rather they merge into one another, as not all societies moved forward at the same time. Although most industrialised countries are now considered post modern, a large proportion of the Third World remains modern or in some cases pre- modern. Pre- Modern is the period in society which came prior to Modernity, which began in Europe after the introduction of Industrial society and large scale production. Sociology and modernity are closely intertwined, but it has also been argued that sociology is actually a product of modernity. During this piece I will examine pre- modern society and discuss some of the reasons why the study of this era is important for sociology. What is Pre- modern Society? The pre-modern era spans from before history and can be separated into two phases, before and after settled agriculture. Before settled agriculture, society lives off the land, hunting and gathering. An example of a hunter- gatherer society that exists today is the Arctic foragers, who occupy the circumpolar region of the earth. Due to the lack of vegetation in this area of the world, most Arctic foragers are forced to live on a diet of meat. Many Arctic people are extremely mobile like the feudal societies of pre- modern times. Pre-modern society: The term pre- modern, covers a number of different societal forms: hunter-gatherer, agrarian, horticultural, pastoral and non-industrial. Pre-modern social forms have now virtually disappeared, although they are still in existence in some of todays societies, therefore pre- modern cannot be defined in terms of historical development. In this respect, pre-modern societies can be characterised by a combination of economic, political and cultural circumstances. In pre-modern society, work was not highly specialised and the number of roles necessary to produce things were relatively small, therefore the division of labour was simple when compared to modern societies. Most of the labour forces engaged in agricultural activity and produced food through subsistence farming. The majority of pre-industrial groups had standards of living not much above survival, meaning that most of the population were focused on producing only enough goods for means of survival. The rise of settled agricultural villages meant the build up of storable produce, which represented a cultural advance for civilisation. With the development of storage, in some rare cases came some social unrest, as what could be stored could also be stolen. It should be noted here that in pre- modern times there was very little deviance, as communities were extremely close knit and everybody knew each other. Pre- Modern society was a time without class distinctions and people shared the same sense of values. In Pre- Modern times, a persons sense of purpose was expressed through a faith. Religious officials held the positions of power within the communities and were the intermediaries to the general masses. The population of pre-modern times saw God as the main entity and those closest to him, for example the religious officials, were seen as the community leaders. Persons in pre- modern society did not see themselves as having an individual identity rather a group identity. Social life in pre-modern society also often had religion at its core. Villages were divided into parishes and the observance of religion took place at a community level. In post modern society, the influence of religion appears to have lessened, although it formed the basis for modern penal laws, which regulate human behaviour like religion did in pre- modern times. Industrialisation and the making of Modern Society: In order to understand why the study of pre- modern times is vital to sociology, it is important to look to the Industrial Revolution, as this was a time of great change for European society, and the crossing over from pre- modern to modern society. Industrialisation is the process whereby social and economic change transforms a pre- industrial society into an industrial one. Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change, where people take a different attitude towards their perception of nature. During the Industrial revolution, an economy based on manual labour was replaced by one taken over by industry and the manufacture of machinery. Rapid industrialisation cost many craft workers their jobs and scores of weavers also found themselves unemployed as they could not compete with machinery. Many unemployed workers turned their anger towards the machines that had taken their jobs and began destroying factories and machinery. These activists became known as Luddites and became extremely popular. The British government took drastic measures against the Luddites using the army to protect the factories. The Industrial Revolution saw the emergence of class, urbanisation and the bad conditions in which people had to live and work in. Marxism essentially began as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. As the Industrial Revolution progressed so did the gap between class structures. According to Karl Marx, industrialisation polarised society into the bourgeoisie, and the much larger proletariat. Ordinary working people found increased opportunity for employment in the mills and factories and in some cases had no choice but to move to the towns and cities in search of work. By the early 1900s up to eighty per cent of the population of Britain lived in urban centres (Kumar, 1978, cited in Bilton et al, p.28). Using the clock to time ones self, as a basis of social organisation, was an indicator of the emergence of a modern society. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries both agricultural and manufacturing labour became set by the clock in a way that was very different to pre-modern production. In pre-modern times factors such as hours of daylight set work rhythms, whereas the factories were regulated by the clock, labour was synchronised and took place for a certain number of hours each day and on particular days of the week. For the factory owners and their employees, time now equalled money. The working conditions were often strict with long working hours and a pace that was set by machinery and production. With the Industrial Revolution came an increase in population. Education was still limited and therefore children were expected to work. Child labour was appealing to employers as it was cheaper than employing an adult yet productivity was similar. The machines did not require strength to operate and there were no experienced adult labourers as the system was completely new. By the eighteenth century there was only around thirty percent of the population who engaged in agricultural activity, this enables us to gain some idea of the nature of modern society and the economic changes that took place as modern society developed. The majority of ordinary people were greatly affected by capitalism and industrial production. By the late 1900s Englands Black Country was one of the most industrialised parts of the United Kingdom and in the 1830s was described in the following way; The earth seems to have turned inside out. The coal. is blazing on the surface by day and by night the country is flowing with fire, and the smoke of the ironworks hangs over it. There is a rumbling and clanking of iron forges and rolling mills. Workmen covered in smut, and with fierce white eyes, are seen moving amongst the glowing iron and dull thud of the forge-hammers. (Jennings,1985 p.165) Conclusion: The transition from pre- modernity into modernity was important for sociology as people began to see that society was something important to study. Some argue that this was when sociology began as the emergence of modern societies created a new intellectual world aware of its surroundings and concerned with acquisition of knowledge. Sociology is concerned with the study of human societies.a society is a cluster, or a system of institutionalised modes of conduct.sociology has as its main focus the study of institutions of the advanced or the industrialised societies and of the conditions of transformation of those institutions. (Giddens 1982) As modernity took form, changes in social attitudes within society occurred making society itself interesting to others. Unlike the static pre- modern society, modern societies appear to have created many different groups, causing new and interesting interactions between people. In the pre- modern era, relationships between people in society were extremely similar and perhaps uneventful and society had been static, therefore sociology was not required.

The External Environment ( Strategic Management)

Review THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT) A host of external factors influence a firm’s choice of direction and action, ultimately its organizational structure and internal factors. These factors, which constitute the external environment, can be divided into three interrelated subcategories there are as follows:A. REMOTE ENVIROMENTThe remote environment comprises factors that originate beyond and usually irrespective of any single firm’s operating situation: economic, social, political, technological, and ecological factors.That environment presents firm with opportunities, treats, and constraint; but rarely does a single firm exert any meaningful reciprocal influence.1. Economic FactorsEconomics factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Because consumption patterns are affected by the relative affluence of various market segment, in strategic planning each firm must consider economic trend in the segment that affect its industry.2. Social FactorsThe social factors that affect a firm involve the beliefs, values, attitudes, opinions, and lifestyles of persons in the firm’s external environment, as developed from cultural, ecological, demographic, religious, educational, and ethics conditioning. Like other forces in the remote environment, social forces are dynamic, with constant change resulting from the efforts of individuals to satisfy their desires and needs by controlling and adapting to environment factors. One of the most profound social changes in recent years has been the entry of large numbers of women into labor market.Second, social change has been the accelerating interest of consumers and employees in quality-of-life issues. Third, social change has been the shift in the age distribution of population. A consequence of the changing age distribution of the population has been a sharp increase in demands made by a growing a number of senior citizens.3. Political FactorsThe direction and stability of political factors in a major con sideration for managers on formulating company strategy political factors define the legal regulatory parameters within which firm must be operate.Political constraint are placed on firm through fair trade decisions, antitrust laws, tax programs, minimum wage legislation, population and pricing policies, administrative jawboning, and many more actions aimed at protecting employees, consumers, the general public, and the environment. Technological Fact To avoid obsolescence and promote the innovation, a firm must be aware of technological changes that might influence its industry. Technological forecasting can help protect and improve the probability of firm in the growing industries. It alerts strategic managers to both impeding challenges and promising opportunities.4. Ecological FactorsThe term ecology refers to the relationship between human beings and other living things and the air, soil, and water that support them. Threats to our life-supporting ecology caused principally by human activities in an industrial society are commonly referred to as pollution, such as water and land pollution.B. INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTTo establish a strategic agenda for dealing with these contending currents and to grow despite them, a company must understand how they work in its industry and how they affect the company in its particular situation.How Competitive Force Shape StrategyThe essence of strategy formulating is coping with the competition. In the fight for market share, competition is not manifested only in the other players. Rather, competition in an industry is rooted in its underlying economics, and competitive forces exists that go well beyond the established combatants in a particular industry.Contending ForcesEvery industry has an underlying structure, or a set of fundamental economics and technical characteristics, that gives rise to these competitive forces. A few characteristics are critical to the strength of each competitive force.a. Threat of EntryNew entra nts to an industry bring new capacity, the desire to gain market share, and often substantial resources. There are six major sources of barriers to entry:Economies of Scaledeter entry by forcing the aspirant either to come in on a large scale or to accept a cost disadvantage.Product Differentiationto create high fences around their business, brewers couple brand identification with economies of scale in production, distribution, and marketing.Capital Requirementscapital is necessary not only for fixed facilities but also for customer credit, inventories, and absorbing start-up losses. Cost Disadvantage Independent of Sizeentrenched companies may have cost advantages not available to potential rivals, no matter what their size and attainable economies of scale.Access to Distribution Channels the more limited distribution channels are and more that existing competitors have tied up, obviously the tougher that entry into the industry will be.Government Policycan limit or even foreclose entry to industries, which such as controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw material.b. Powerful SuppliersSuppliers can exert bargaining power on participants in industry by raising prices or reducing the quality of purchased goods and services. A suppliers group is powerful if: – it is dominated by a few companies and is more concentrate than to the industry is sells, – its product is unique or at least differentiated, or if it has built-up switching cost, – it is not obliged to contend with other products for sale to the industry, – it poses a credible threat of integrating forward into the industry’s business, – the industry is not an important customer of the supplier group.Ã' . Powerful buyersA buyers group is powerful if: – it is concentrated or purchases in large volumes, – the products is purchases from the industry are standard or undifferentiated, – the products it purchases from the indus try form a component of its product, – it earns profits, which create great incentive to lower its purchasing cost, – the industry’s product is unimportant to the quality of the buyers ‘ products or services, – the industry’s product does ot save the buyer money, – the buyer pose a credible threat of integrating backward to make the industry’s product.d. Substitute productsSubstitute products that deserve the most attention strategically are those that are subject to trends improving their price-performance trade-off with the industry’s product or are subjected by industries earning high profits.e. Jockeying for PositionThe type of the intense rivalry is related to the presence of a number of factors: competitors are numerous or are roughly equal in size and power, industry growth is slow, the product or service lacks of differentiation or switching costs, fixed costs are high or the product is perishable creating strong temptation, capacity normally is augmented in large increment, exit barriers are high, and the rival are diverse in strategies, origins, and personalities. Industry Boundaries Definition of industry boundaries focuses attention on the firm’s competitors, and helps executives determine key factors for success. And also gives executives another basis on which to evaluate their firm’s goals. In defining industry boundaries is very difficult task.The difficult stems from three sources:1. The evolution of industries over times creates new opportunities and threats,2. industry evolution creates industries within industries, and3.Industries are becoming global in scope.Having developed a preliminary concept of the industry executives flush out its current component. Industry Structure Structural attributes are the enduring characteristics that give an industry its distinctive character. To explaining the variation among industries can doing through examining the variable that industry comprises such are concentration, economies of scale, product differentiation, and barriers to entry.Competitive AnalysisUsually have objectives such are to identify current and potential competitors, to identify potential moves by competitors, and to help the firm devise effective competitive strategies.C. OPERATING ENVIROMENTThe operating environment, also called the competitive or task environment, comprises factors in the competitive situation that affect a firm success in acquiring needed resources or in profitably marketing its goods and services. Competitive Position Assessing its competitive position improves a firm chance of designing strategies that optimize its environmental opportunities.Customer ProfilesDeveloping a profile of a firm’s present and perspective cust omers improves the ability of its managers to plan strategic operations, to anticipate changes in the size of markets, and to reallocate resources so as to support forecast shifts in demand patterns. The traditional approach to segmenting customers is based on customer profiles constructed from geographic, demographic, psychographic, and buyer behavior information. Suppliers Dependable relationship between a firm and its suppliers are essential to the firm’s long-term survival and growth.A firm regularly relies on its suppliers for financial support, services, materials, and equipment. In assessing a firm’s relationship with its suppliers, several factors, other than the strength of the relationships, should be considered. Creditors Because the quantity, quality, price, and accessibility of financial, human, and, material resources are rarely ideal, assessment of suppliers and creditors is critical to an accurate evaluation of a firm’s operating environment. Hum an Resources: Nature of the Labor Market A firm’s ability to attract and hold capable employees is essential to its success.However, a firm’s personnel recruitment and selection alternatives often are influenced by the nature of its operating environment. A firm’s access to needed personnel is affected primarily by three factors: the firm’s reputation as an employer, local employment rates, and the ready availability of people with the needed skills.D. EMPHASIS ON ENVIRONMENT FACTORSThe forces in the external environment are so dynamic and interactive that the impact of any single element cannot be wholly disassociated from the impact of other elements.Strategic managers are frequently frustrated in their attempts to anticipate the environment’s changing influences. Different external elements affect different strategies at different times and with varying influences. The only certainty is that impact of the remote and operating environment will be uncertain until a strategy is implemented. This leads many managers, particularly in less-powerful or smaller firm to minimize long-term planning, which requires a commitment of resources. Instead, they favor allowing managers to adapt to new pressures from environment.The companies that will be entry to business must assessing and consider the external environment of the company that will have potential impact to the company. In assessing the potential impact of changes in the external environment offers a real advantage for the company. It enables decision makers to narrow the range of the available options and to eliminate options that are clearly inconsistent with the forecast opportunities. Environment assessment seldom identifies the best strategy, but it generally leads to the elimination of all but the most promising options.The external environments that must be considered by the companies are remote environment, industry environment, and operating environment. These facto rs are lead how the company doing the business. How they take the opportunities from the external environment factor. And also how they make design of their business strategies is based on the conviction that a company able to anticipate future business condition will improve its performance and profitability. So, the companies assessment of external environment is to anticipate the situation and condition of the company in current and future.

What liquid will cause metals to corrode or rust faster

I have decided to base my experiment on four different types of metals and four different liquids. I will be using a penny, nail, paper clip and a needle as my four metals. My four liquids will be vinegar, beach, lemon water and salt water. To get started, the metal contents should be established. Today’s pennies are mostly made of zinc with a thin layer of copper overcoating. A nail is a form of carbon steel or black iron. Paper clips are made from a low grade steel. A needle is made from stainless steel. Examining the liquids and lemon juice is a citric acid. It should have corrosive actions on some of the metals, but not all. I believe that it will not affect this penny, except to clean it and shine it. I don’t think it will affect the paper clip either. I think that the only way it will have any affect on the needle or paper clip, will be if they were damaged or scratched. Corrosion would be caused If that were the case. I also think there were not to be any corrosion to the nail with lemon juice. Vinegar water is used to clean things. Related article: Vinegar Battery Review of Related Literature I don’t think the vinegar will rust a eedle, paper clip, nail, or penny the fastest. There will be a minimal affect on The steel material. The carbonation of water, vinegar and oxygen on the air will form iron oxide on the nail, the scientific name for rust. Vinegar will remove any corrosion and clean the penny. Bleach is a chloride, like vinegar, I think the affects will be minimal on Most of the metals. Since bleach contains oxygen, it would be most likely the liquids to rust the nail the fastest. The affect on the penny will be more like a cleaning agent, like vinegar and lemon uice, than as a corrosive. I think that salt water will be the best Corrosive liquid. Salt water will cause corrosion faster because the salt will act as a catalyst steel up the change and erode the materials. I feel it would corrode all of the metals. The needle may be the only metal it may not affect it, like some other liquids, it may not rush unless the metal has been scratched deep. In conclusion, I think that salt water will be the most corrosive liquid and the nail made from carbon steel will be the most corrosive metal, in the least amount if time.

The Minimum Legal Drinking Age - 1594 Words

The Drinking Age is Safer than You Thought As Americans, we are always wondering what we can do to save lives. We suspect cancer, disease, suicide, violence, and distracted driving as taking the lives of our fellow Americans. What you may not know, is that we are already saving lives, and we have been since 1984 because of one simple law. The Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984 moved the minimum legal drinking age from 18 to 21. Lowering the drinking age is a step backward for our safety and our health. This claim is viable because more young people will die if the drinking age is lowered, lowering the drinking age will not cause people to drink more safely, and a lower drinking age negatively affects people later in life. Recently,†¦show more content†¦A large portion of the youth in America have been lead to believe that having the drinking age lowered would save lives and reduce heavy drinking, but this reasoning does not hold up. I applaud the efforts of my opposition to try and create safer drinking environments, reduce binge drinking, and save lives, but lowering the drinking age to 18 is not an effective way to accomplish those goals. By lowering the MLDA, we are putting the lives of our young people at risk. Many studies have been done on the safety of a MLDA of 18 and several of those were about alcohol-related injuries and fatalities. Since the Uniform Drinking Age Act was passed in 1984, significantly fewer alcohol-related traffic accidents have occurred (Saylor 330). Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death in our country, so it can also be claimed that reducing traffic accidents will decrease the number of deaths from accidents. In fact, a 2010 article by Wechsler and Toben published in the American Journal of Public Health discovered a 58% drop in car crashes after the MLDA was changed from 18 to 21 (988). Fifty-eight percent is not a coincidence and never will be. Changing the MLDA to 21 has been so successful in reducing traffic accidents that the National Highway Safety Department stepped in to support the higher drinking age. A conservative estimate claims over 800 lives have been saved each year since the drinking age was